Exercise sheets for beginners

[Ftxavanga Txe′lan]

Kaltxì!

Following Tirea Aean's suggestion, I've decided to transcribe the little exercises I've built for my own Na'vi learning on computer and put them on the forum, in case they'd be useful for some fellow learners. They're very basic, and it's also possible that there's mistakes (please tell me if you see some!), but I hope you're going to appreciate the lessons anyways. Feel free to tell me how you like them!

I've done three lessons up to now, and I might also continue doing other ones in the future.
Note: The docs contain mostly regular exercises, which are in black. Furthermore, I had written many conclusions and summaries in my own activity book among the exercises, and I thought I could add these as tips. I put them in a paler colour though, so that people who don't want to get any help and want to work all by themselves can avoid looking at the tips.

.DOC FORMAT

First Lesson - Pronouns & Posession
Second Lesson - Plural, Doing an Action & Nouning
Third Lesson - Cases & Vocabulary *mip

.RTF.PAGES FORMAT

First Lesson - Pronouns & Posession
Second Lesson - Plural, Doing an Action & Nouning
Third Lesson - Cases & Vocabulary *mip

TO DOWNLOAD THE DOCUMENTS

Once you get on the download page, click on 'click here', as showed on this screencap. Please tell me if you're not able to download.

Spoiler

CORRECTIONS

Tanks to Sä'nek for the help

First exercise sheet

1) Pronouns

Spoiler

1st column: po
2nd column: moe, menga
3rd column: pxenga, pxefo
4th column: ayoe

2) Possession

Spoiler

a. The Ikran's heart: Ikranä txe'lan
b. Neytiri's soul: Neytiriyä tirea/vitra
c. The Prolemuris' ears: Syaksyukä memikyun

Second exercise sheet

1) Plural (single words)

Spoiler

Legend: prefix lenition

a. Two children: Meveng [contraction of me+'eveng]
b. Three languages: Pxelì'fya
c. Many forests: (Ay)na'rìng
d. Many errors: (Ay)keyey [from kxeyey]
e. Three promises: Pxefänu [from pänu]
f. Two thanators: Mefalulukan [from palulukan]
g. Two hobbys: Mesäsulìn
h. Many feelings: (Ay)sì'efu [from tì'efu]
i. Two oceans: Metampay [from txampay]
j. Three stars: Pxesanhì [from tanhì]
k. Three hunters: Pxesaronyu [from taronyu]

2) Plural (sentences)

Spoiler

Legend: prefix lenition

a. We (us three) are cooks: Pxoe lu pxemyu. [contraction of pxe+'emyu]
b. You three are hunters: Pxenga lu pxesaronyu. [from taronyu]
c. You are thanators: Aynga lu (ay)falulukan. [from palulukan]
d. We (both of us) are enemies: Moe lu mekutu. [from kxutu]
e. We are travellers: Ayoe lu (ay)sopyu.
f. You two are avatars: Menga lu meuniltìrantokx.

3) Doing an action

Spoiler

a. Think: Fpìlyu
b. Believe: Spawyu
c. Decide: Pe'unyu
d. Converse: Pängkxoyu
e. Travel: Sopyu

4) Nouning

Spoiler

a. Dance: Tìsrew
b. Restore: Tìspeng

Third exercise sheet

1) Cases

Spoiler

a. I approach the worm: Oel lok ngawngit.
b. You three want teylus: Pxengal new ayseylut(i).
c. He captures the soul: Pol spe'e vitrat(i).
d. You two understand me: Mengal tslam oet(i).
e. You three prefer life: Pxengal nulnew tìreyti.

2) Na'vi to English phrases/expressions

Spoiler

a. Kxetse sì mikyun kop plltxe: The tail and ears can speak too.
b. Etrìpa syayvi: Good luck.
c. Kefya srak: ...right?
d. Nga yawne lu oer: You are beloved to me, I love you.
e. Ayalovay: Until next time

3) English to Na'vi phrases/expressions

Spoiler

a. What are you called?: Fyape fko syaw ngar?
b. Gladly: Nìprrte'
c. May your heart be calm: Ngari txe'lan mawey livu.
d. I give thanks to you: Oe irayo si ngaru.

4) Translation of single words

Spoiler

a. Be: lu
b. Understand: tslam
c. Must: zene

d. Tsun: can
e. Omum: know
f. Si: do
g. Fpìl: think
h. Tìng: give

~

28/11 UPDATE: Third exercise is up, minor modifications have been done to the previous documents (which have been re-uploaded), and correction has been completed and given new precisions/details.

[Mako]

Even though you did create them on a Mac, it will not open on mine (.pages is an unrecognized filetype). Perhaps I could suggest saving them in .rtf or .docx format so that Mac and PC users can open them?

[Ftxavanga Txe′lan]

Thanks for the information, ma Sä'nek.

Well, I tried saving my documents in .rtf and .docx format as you suggested, but in both cases it didn't work. It says something like: "You cannot save this document with extension ".rtf" at the end of the name. The required extension is ".pages"." I was able to save the docs as rtf.pages though.

I also found a way to save the files in a .doc format. Don't know if it's going to work, either. I edited the first post with both new file formats, hopefully it works fine this time, either way.

[Mako]

Downloading...

.doc works perfectly. Only problem is you got the headers mixed up up there so the .rtf.pages are actually the .doc and vice versa

[Ftxavanga Txe′lan]

Downloading...

.doc works perfectly. Only problem is you got the headers mixed up up there so the .rtf.pages are actually the .doc and vice versa

Great!! Yes, I just saw the headers were mixed up and edited them Irayo

In your case, considering your number of messages, I guess the documents really can't be of any help, but I hope it will be useful to some people of my level.

[Mako]

Even still I'm running through them. I can't remember all of the rules for lenition :O But I think I've got this. Perhaps you should post the answers in a spoiler in the first post?

[Ftxavanga Txe′lan]

Yes, that's a good idea! I'm probably going to post the answers this weekend, along with the third document that's in the process

[Mako]

Here are what should be the correct answers:

Exercise 1 (Part 2):

Spoiler

1. The Ikran's heart: Ikranä txe'lan.
2. Neytiri's soul: Neytiriyä tirea.
3. The Prolemuris' ears: Prolemurisä mikyun.

Exercise 2 (Part 1):

Spoiler

1. Two children: (Me)eveng
2. Three languages: Pxelì'fya
3. Many forests: Ayna'rìng
4. Many errors: (Ay)keye
5. Three promises: Pxepänu
6. Two thanators: (Me)falulukan
7. Two hobbys: Mesäsulìn
8. Many feelings: (Ay)sì'efu
9. Two oceans: (Me)tampey
10. Three stars: (Pxe)sanhì
11. Three hunters: (Pxe)saronyu

Exercise 2 (Part 2):

Spoiler

1. We (us three) are cooks: Pxoe lu 'emu.
2. You three are hunters: Pxenga lu taronyu.
3. You are thanators: Aynga lu Palulukan.
4. We (both of us) are enemies: Moe lu kxutu.
5. We are travellers: Ayoe lu soppy.
6. You two are avatars: Menga lu unìltirantokx.

Please, correct me if I'm wrong. Also, I noticed a spot that an accent is missing. Nothing too major though.

[Nyx]

Great stuff I've got some suggestions, they're in the spoiler, just in case they might be giving stuff away. Oh also, if you're looking for something that should work for everyone, I'd suggest .pdf

Spoiler

On possession you could add that the last vowel of a pronoun changes to e when -yä is added. Nga -> ngeyä instead of *ngayä

Excercise two, first noun bank: that should be kxeyey instead of kxeye and säsulìn instead of säsulin (typos i guess ^^)

edit: just clarifying, this is on the exercise sheets, not Sä'nek's solutions

[Hufwe Atxur]

Looks good, sìltsan - I'll try it out later. Works perfect here under Win/XP with OpenOffice.

[Ftxavanga Txe′lan]

Thank you Nyx! I've done the corrections you've suggested and uploaded the new documents (in which I've done other little modifications).

Irayo for the corrections, ma Sä'nek! I have put yours and the ones missing in the first post. I wrote some stuff in red as well: that's what I had written in my exercise book (which might me incorrect). I'd really appreciate if someone would check and tell me if it makes sense.

Glad to see your comment, Hufwe Atxur!

[Mako]

Yeah. Let me get downstairs and I'll explain why some of what's in red is wrong.

Section 2:

Spoiler

Vitra is fine, I used Tirea because it translates as "spirit" which is similar to soul.

Section 1:

Spoiler

Pxefänu is right. My mistake, didn't catch the lenition.

Metampey would be correct, but it's more professional to drop the prefix after lenition (me+txampey=tampey)

Section 2:

Spoiler

1. (Typo by me here) Again, though same rule. It should be Pxoe lu emyu. The ' drops because of lenition.

2. saronyu, same rule.

4. kutu, same rule.

Anything I didn't cover is right. My mistakes. Didn't see the doing an action and nouning so I'm doing those really quick

[Ftxavanga Txe′lan]

Thank you so much again, your help is truly helpful I arranged everything in the first post again, so now it should be fine for people to correct the exercises

['Oma Tirea]

Here are what should be the correct answers:

Exercise 1 (Part 2):

Spoiler

1. The Ikran's heart: Ikranä txe'lan.
2. Neytiri's soul: Neytiriyä tirea.
3. The Prolemuris' ears: Syaksyukä memikyun.

Exercise 2 (Part 1):

Spoiler

1. Two children: Meveng
2. Three languages: Pxelì'fya
3. Many forests: Ayna'rìng
4. Many errors: (Ay)keyey
5. Three promises: Pxefänu
6. Two thanators: Mefalulukan
7. Two hobbys: Mesäsulìn
8. Many feelings: (Ay)sì'efu
9. Two oceans: Metampay
10. Three stars: Pxesanhì
11. Three hunters: Pxesaronyu

Exercise 2 (Part 2):

Spoiler

1. We (us three) are cooks: Pxoe lu 'emyu.
2. You three are hunters: Pxenga lu taronyu.
3. You are thanators: Aynga lu Palulukan.
4. We (both of us) are enemies: Moe lu kxutu.
5. We are travellers: Ayoe lu sopyu.
6. You two are avatars: Menga lu unìltirantokx.

Please, correct me if I'm wrong. Also, I noticed a spot that an accent is missing. Nothing too major though.

Corrected.  Typo fixes are in "Eywa Purple"

Also, if you are thinking of teaching the posessive (genitive) case for the first set of excercises, you might want to devise some other ways, because the above examples are perfect for the topical case.

[Ftxavanga Txe′lan]

Here are what should be the correct answers:

Exercise 1 (Part 2):

Spoiler

1. The Ikran's heart: Ikranä txe'lan.
2. Neytiri's soul: Neytiriyä tirea.
3. The Prolemuris' ears: Syaksyukä memikyun.

Exercise 2 (Part 1):

Spoiler

1. Two children: Meveng
2. Three languages: Pxelì'fya
3. Many forests: Ayna'rìng
4. Many errors: (Ay)keyey
5. Three promises: Pxefänu
6. Two thanators: Mefalulukan
7. Two hobbys: Mesäsulìn
8. Many feelings: (Ay)sì'efu
9. Two oceans: Metampay
10. Three stars: Pxesanhì
11. Three hunters: Pxesaronyu

Exercise 2 (Part 2):

Spoiler

1. We (us three) are cooks: Pxoe lu 'emyu.
2. You three are hunters: Pxenga lu taronyu.
3. You are thanators: Aynga lu Palulukan.
4. We (both of us) are enemies: Moe lu kxutu.
5. We are travellers: Ayoe lu sopyu.
6. You two are avatars: Menga lu unìltirantokx.

Please, correct me if I'm wrong. Also, I noticed a spot that an accent is missing. Nothing too major though.

Corrected.  Typo fixes are in "Eywa Purple"

Also, if you are thinking of teaching the posessive (genitive) case for the first set of excercises, you might want to devise some other ways, because the above examples are perfect for the topical case.

Concerning Exercise 2 Part 2, would you say the corrections I've made would make sense, too?

Spoiler

1. We (us three) are cooks: Pxoe lu (px)emyu.
2. You three are hunters: Pxenga lu (pxe)saronyu.
3. You are thanators: Aynga lu (ay)Falulukan.
4. We (both of us) are enemies: Moe lu (me)kutu.
5. We are travellers: Ayoe lu (ay)sopyu.
6. You two are avatars: Menga lu (me)unìltirantokx.

You didn't apply lenition - is it because you had no prefix before the nouns? In this case, I guess I should change my way to present things, because what I've written pretty much implies that if we decide to remove the prefix, the noun after it is still going to be lenited, right? I should perhaps do this:

Spoiler

1. We (us three) are cooks: Pxoe lu 'emyu/pxemyu.

As for the prefixes -me and -pxe not being optional, I fixed that in my corrections.

Concerning another way to teach the genitive, what do you exactly suggest? I'm not sure to understand what you mean. Is the topical case not in relation to another sentence, when we want to tell what happened to a particular pronoun in this concern ("as for")? Then I wouldn't really see how my three instances in Exercise 1 Part 2 would be perfect for that. If I'd explain the topical case, shouldn't I rather use sets of two sentences going together or something? Well, I'm just saying that, in fact I don't know really ahah. What do you think?

Anyways, thank you very much for your help, ma 'eylan!

[Carborundum]

Spoiler: quote pyramid

Here are what should be the correct answers:

Exercise 1 (Part 2):

Spoiler

1. The Ikran's heart: Ikranä txe'lan.
2. Neytiri's soul: Neytiriyä tirea.
3. The Prolemuris' ears: Syaksyukä memikyun.

Exercise 2 (Part 1):

Spoiler

1. Two children: Meveng
2. Three languages: Pxelì'fya
3. Many forests: Ayna'rìng
4. Many errors: (Ay)keyey
5. Three promises: Pxefänu
6. Two thanators: Mefalulukan
7. Two hobbys: Mesäsulìn
8. Many feelings: (Ay)sì'efu
9. Two oceans: Metampay
10. Three stars: Pxesanhì
11. Three hunters: Pxesaronyu

Exercise 2 (Part 2):

Spoiler

1. We (us three) are cooks: Pxoe lu 'emyu.
2. You three are hunters: Pxenga lu taronyu.
3. You are thanators: Aynga lu Palulukan.
4. We (both of us) are enemies: Moe lu kxutu.
5. We are travellers: Ayoe lu sopyu.
6. You two are avatars: Menga lu unìltirantokx.

Please, correct me if I'm wrong. Also, I noticed a spot that an accent is missing. Nothing too major though.

Corrected.  Typo fixes are in "Eywa Purple"

Also, if you are thinking of teaching the posessive (genitive) case for the first set of excercises, you might want to devise some other ways, because the above examples are perfect for the topical case.

Concerning Exercise 2 Part 2, would you say the corrections I've made would make sense, too?

Spoiler

1. We (us three) are cooks: Pxoe lu (px)emyu.
2. You three are hunters: Pxenga lu (pxe)saronyu.
3. You are thanators: Aynga lu (ay)Falulukan.
4. We (both of us) are enemies: Moe lu (me)kutu.
5. We are travellers: Ayoe lu (ay)sopyu.
6. You two are avatars: Menga lu (me)unìltirantokx.

You didn't apply lenition - is it because you had no prefix before the nouns? In this case, I guess I should change my way to present things, because what I've written pretty much implies that if we decide to remove the prefix, the noun after it is still going to be lenited, right? I should perhaps do this:

Spoiler

1. We (us three) are cooks: Pxoe lu 'emyu/pxemyu.

As for the prefixes -me and -pxe not being optional, I fixed that in my corrections.

Concerning another way to teach the genitive, what do you exactly suggest? I'm not sure to understand what you mean. Is the topical case not in relation to another sentence, when we want to tell what happened to a particular pronoun in this concern ("as for")? Then I wouldn't really see how my three instances in Exercise 1 Part 2 would be perfect for that. If I'd explain the topical case, shouldn't I rather use sets of two sentences going together or something? Well, I'm just saying that, in fact I don't know really ahah. What do you think?

Anyways, thank you very much for your help, ma 'eylan!

To my knowledge, Frommer has not given a ruling on how to predicate dual/trial nouns to other nouns/pronouns. That is, we don't yet know if sentences such as "moe lu karyu" and "moe lu haryu" are correct. The only format that is truly safe is making sure all plural prefixes agree, as in "moe lu meharyu", so I strongly recommend going with that.

Also, *unìltirantokx should be uniltìrantokx.

[Ftxavanga Txe′lan]

Thank you for the infos, ma Carborundum! ˆˆ I incorporated that to the first post.

['Oma Tirea]

Concerning Exercise 2 Part 2, would you say the corrections I've made would make sense, too?

Spoiler

1. We (us three) are cooks: Pxoe lu (px)emyu.
2. You three are hunters: Pxenga lu (pxe)saronyu.
3. You are thanators: Aynga lu (ay)Falulukan.
4. We (both of us) are enemies: Moe lu (me)kutu.
5. We are travellers: Ayoe lu (ay)sopyu.
6. You two are avatars: Menga lu (me)unìltirantokx.

You didn't apply lenition - is it because you had no prefix before the nouns? In this case, I guess I should change my way to present things, because what I've written pretty much implies that if we decide to remove the prefix, the noun after it is still going to be lenited, right? I should perhaps do this:

Spoiler

1. We (us three) are cooks: Pxoe lu 'emyu/pxemyu.

According to NiaN, they're both right, just so long as you don't use ay+ with something that's not prefixed with ay+.  That said, I think the split format ('emyu/pxemyu) is great.  Also, because s doesn't lenite, you're going to need the ay+ (sopyu/aysopyu)

Concerning another way to teach the genitive, what do you exactly suggest? I'm not sure to understand what you mean. Is the topical case not in relation to another sentence, when we want to tell what happened to a particular pronoun in this concern ("as for")? Then I wouldn't really see how my three instances in Exercise 1 Part 2 would be perfect for that. If I'd explain the topical case, shouldn't I rather use sets of two sentences going together or something? Well, I'm just saying that, in fact I don't know really ahah. What do you think?

AFAIK, the topical has been recently appointed as the inalienable posessive marker, so things like body parts and the soul/spirit, and maybe even family members, are considered inalienable.

This might help avoid confusion with (say) an Ikran eating "the Ikran's heart" as if it were its meal, and "the Ikran's heart" inside of the Ikran, as a part of the Ikran.

If you still want to stick with the genitive that's fine.  I'm just saying that it might give fko a different image than you intend....

[Carborundum]

According to NiaN, they're both right, just so long as you don't use ay+ with something that's not prefixed with ay+.

The thing is, as far as I can find, NiaN is the original source of this information. Not to bash on NeotrekkerZ, but they don't really have the authority to create rules like that.
Until Frommer says otherwise, it is safer to assume that moe lu karyu is about as grammatical as "we are teacher" would be in English.

[Ftxavanga Txe′lan]

Until Frommer says otherwise, it is safer to assume that moe lu karyu is about as grammatical as "we are teacher" would be in English.

This question is really ambiguous! :O

Then I'm going to let it with both the pronoun and the corresponding prefix, just in case the other version wouldn't be quite sure. Besides, this way it's also easier to understand the grammatical concept for the people who'll read the corrections to check up their answers. ^^