Comparison

[Vawmataw]

Well, to make my question clear to all:

I think it's just a misunderstanding here

Ma Kameyu, tsmukan BE just wanted to know whether the to construct is also possible with verbs where we don't use lu.

This is what I'm interested in

How would you translate '' I'm taller than you '' without using verb lu? '' I'm nicer than you ''? '' I'm more tired than you ''? '' I'm older than you ''? That's what I want to resolve and maybe what Blue Elf wants.

And this is what I'm not asking for. I don't want replace "lu" by different verb, I don't see any sense for this action (and IMHO it is not possible). If question is not clear enough, just ask.

I misunderstood the question.

[Blue Elf]

It seems very similar to Japanese より (yori), I said it in Russian section already: http://forum.learnnavi.org/k-a/ooae-to/ I created more examples:

 Fìlì'fyaviri tsalì'uto zene fko sivar pumit alu tsaw.
 In this phrase (we) must use tsaw than that word.

 Pamrel si nga nìNa'vi nìtam. Tsawto fmivi pivlltxe.
 You write in Na'vi enough. Better try to speak.

Also to is a particle (not adposition), so we might use it not only with nouns or pronouns and not only in nominative case.

To me, these examples do not appear to be correct.
First one looks strange even in English - and it is not real comparison. IMHO we need "rather than" here (tup):
Fìlì'fyaviri zene fko sivar lì'ut alu tsaw tup tsalì'u. <- not sure if patientive goes here or not

In second example is missing one of thing being compared. Full version should be used:
Fwa fmi pivlltxe to fwa pamrel si nì'aw lu sìltsan -> It's better to try to speak than write only.

But IMHO sweylu works here better:
Sweylu txo nga fmivi pivlltxe -> You should try to speak

[Blue Elf]

Also to is a particle (not adposition), so we might use it not only with nouns or pronouns and not only in nominative case.

So, if I understand correctly, one could say:  Hem to aylì'u tsranten.  Yes?  Even though there is no adjective involved at all.

IMHO it is correct. There is adjective present - indirectly
Actions are more important than words. (tsranten)

[Lance R. Casey]

How does one make comparisons in Klingon language?

Tangential, but here goes:

   A X law' B X puS
   A is more X than B

   batlh potlh law' yIn potlh puS
   honor is more important than life (Klingon proverb...)

This structure is rather rigid and presents some unique challenges. For one, X needs to be a stative verb and whatever goes into the A and B slots needs to be a noun phrase one way or the other. Other contrastive pairs can also be used in place of law'/puS ("be many"/"be few"), such as pIv/rop ("be healthy"/"be sick") or HoS/puj ("be strong"/"be weak"). To form the superlative degree, Hoch ("everything, all") is used in place of B:

   batlh potlh law' Hoch potlh puS
   honor is the most important thing there is

Finally, for the sense of "as X as", the second verb is replaced with rap ("be the same"):

   Soplu'meH Qopbogh qagh QaQ HoS yInbogh qagh QaQ rap 'e' Qub tera'ngan! qoH ghaHbej!
   The Terran thinks that eating dead gagh is as good as eating live ones! What a fool!
   (~lit. "The Terran thinks: for the purpose of eating, gagh which is dead is as good as gagh which lives! S/he is definitely a fool!")

[Vawmataw]

How does one make comparisons in Klingon language?

Tangential, but here goes:

   A X law' B X puS
   A is more X than B

   batlh potlh law' yIn potlh puS
   honor is more important than life (Klingon proverb...)

This structure is rather rigid and presents some unique challenges. For one, X needs to be a stative verb and whatever goes into the A and B slots needs to be a noun phrase one way or the other. Other contrastive pairs can also be used in place of law'/puS ("be many"/"be few"), such as pIv/rop ("be healthy"/"be sick") or HoS/puj ("be strong"/"be weak"). To form the superlative degree, Hoch ("everything, all") is used in place of B:

   batlh potlh law' Hoch potlh puS
   honor is the most important thing there is

Finally, for the sense of "as X as", the second verb is replaced with rap ("be the same"):

   Soplu'meH Qopbogh qagh QaQ HoS yInbogh qagh QaQ rap 'e' Qub tera'ngan! qoH ghaHbej!
   The Terran thinks that eating dead gagh is as good as eating live ones! What a fool!
   (~lit. "The Terran thinks: for the purpose of eating, gagh which is dead is as good as gagh which lives! S/he is definitely a fool!")

Irayo ma tsmukan.