"without", and not-having

[Kì'eyawn]

So, AFAIK we don't have it yet, but is there a word for "without"?  My (limited) linguistic experience has been that languages tend not to express this concept with some variation of "not-with," but tend to have a separate word.

On a tangentially related note, any thoughts on how we would express the difference between "I don't have an ikran" (but i do have a pa'li) and "I don't have an ikran" (but my brother does)?  Would it just be communicated via prosody, as in English, or is their a more grammar-based way to express these in Na'vi?

Irayo, ulte Eywa ayngahu

[Unil Akawng]

Kaltxì!

On a tangentially related note, any thoughts on how we would express the difference between "I don't have an ikran" (but i do have a pa'li) and "I don't have an ikran" (but my brother does)?  Would it just be communicated via prosody, as in English, or is their a more grammar-based way to express these in Na'vi?

Perhaps, topical? Such approach will yield Ikranìri ke lu oeru, and Ke lu oeri ikran, respectively. The second sentence is a bit ambiguous, but hopefully the world order conveys that the topical was used to replace the dative here.

As for "without", the closest way of saying it I can think of is ke ...-hu or ke ...-fa, depending on the context.

[NeotrekkerZ]

Personally I like huke for "without," though it's not official, as it could be used theoretically as an enclitic.

As for your ikran question, it's probably a bit more subtle, but you could just put the word you want to emphasize at the end of the sentence for "punch."

I don't have an ikran:  Ke lu ikran oeru.

[Kì'eyawn]

Personally I like huke for "without," though it's not official, as it could be used theoretically as an enclitic.

As for your ikran question, it's probably a bit more subtle, but you could just put the word you want to emphasize at the end of the sentence for "punch."

I don't have an ikran:  Ke lu ikran oeru.

Hmm...  Or perhaps this is one of those reasons why Karyu Pawl said this dative-possession construction...thing "usually" starts with lu...

Irayo seiyi oe ayngaru nìwotx.  I suppose i'll just have to be patient and wait for the next manna from heaven missive from Karyu Pawl.

Eywa ngahu, ma smuktu